The most common style of gin, typically used for mixed drinks, is " London dry gin", which refers not to brand, marque, or origin, but to a distillation process. London dry gin is a high proof spirit, usually produced in a column still and redistilled after the botanicals are added to the base spirit. In addition to juniper, it is usually made with a small amount citrus botanicals like lemon and bitter orange peel. Other botanicals that may be used include anise, angelica root, orris root, cinnamon, coriander, and cassia bark.

A well-made gin will be very dry with a smooth texture lacking in harshness. The flavor will be harmonious yet have a crisp character with a pronounced Juniper flavor.

Other types of gin include Jenever (Dutch gin), Plymouth gin, and Old Tom gin (said to approximate the pot-distilled 18th century spirit).

History
Gin originated in the Netherlands in the 17th century - its invention is often credited to the physician Franciscus Sylvius. From there it spread to England after the Glorious Revolution put a Dutchman on the English throne. Dutch gin, known as jenever,

is a distinctly different drink from English-style gin; it is distilled with barley and sometimes aged in wood, giving it a slight resemblance to whisky. Schiedam , in South Holland , is famous for its jenever.

Jenever is produced in a pot still and is typically lower in alcohol and more strongly flavored than

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London Gin
Hogarth's Gin LaneGin became very popular in England after the government created a market for poor quality grain that was unfit to be used in brewing beer by allowing unlicensed gin production and at the same time imposing a heavy duty on all imported spirits. Thousands of gin-shops sprang up all over England . By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became extremely popular with the poor. Of the 15,000 drinking establishments in London over half were gin-shops. Beer maintained a healthy reputation as it was often safer to drink the brewed ale than unclean plain water, but gin was blamed for various social and medical problems, and may have been a factor in the high death rate that caused London 's previously increasing population to remain stable. The reputation of the two drinks was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane (1751). This negative reputation survives today in the English language; terms such as "gin-mills" to describe disreputable bars or calling drunks "gin-soaked". The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers but led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin-shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates. Gin in the 18th century was produced in pot stills, and was somewhat sweeter than the London gin known today.

In 1832 the column still was invented, and later in the 19th century the London dry style was developed. Gin thus became a more respectable drink. In tropical English colonies, gin was used to mask the flavor of quinine, a protection against malaria, which was diluted in tonic water. This was the origin of today's popular Gin and tonic, even though quinine is no longer effective against malaria. Many other gin-based mixed drinks were invented, including the martini. Gin, in the form of secretly-produced "bathtub gin", was a common drink in the speakeasies of Prohibition-era America due to the relative simplicity of the basic production methods. It remained popular as the basis of many cocktails after the repeal of Prohibition. At the present time there are numerous types and manufactures of gin, the most notable of which are listed below. During the most recent gin-tasting competitions it was held that the relatively new Tanqueray Ten was the world champion of gins followed closely by the previous world winner Bombay Sapphire. In 2005 South Gin made by Pacific Dawn Distillers of New Zealand received the ‘Grand Gold with Palm Leaves’ at the Monde Selection in Brussels rating it as the best gin in the world.

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Common Mixers For Gin

• Vermouth - in a martini
• Tonic water - in a Gin and tonic
• Soda water - in a Gin Rickey
• Ginger ale
• Orange juice
• Lemon juice
• Lime juice
• Grapefruit juice

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Premium / Famous Gin Brands

• A bottle of Bombay Sapphire brand gin.Beefeater - first produced in 1820
• Bombay - distilled with eight botanicals
• Booth's
• Bombay Sapphire - distilled with ten botanicals
• Ginebra San Miguel - has juniper berries as its main flavor, produced by the company of the same name and is the largest-selling gin in the world although it is mainly sold in the Philippines
• Gordon's
• Greenall's
• Hendrick's Gin - infused with cucumber, coriander, citrus peel and rose petals
• Plymouth - first distilled in 1793
• Seagram's
• Tanqueray
• Tanqueray Ten
• DH Krahn Gin
• Blackwood's Superior Nordic Vintage Dry Gin
• South Gin - triple distilled in New Zealand using nine botanicals, two of which are native: manuka berries and kawa kawa leaves, believed by the indigenous Maori people to offer medicinal properties

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Other Gin Brands and Variations

• Gin Bulag - the Philippines ' most famous choice of gin. Directly translated as "Blind Gin," this concoction has been aptly named after gin drunkards have been reported to lose their eyesight after three straight days of gin insobriety.
• Anchor Junipero Gin - produced in California by Anchor Steam Brewery
• Bafferts Gin - Triple-distilled with four botanicals in England
• Barton Gin
• Bellringer Gin - 94.4 proof English gin.
• Bols Gin
• Bombadier Military Gin
• Boodles British Gin - 90.4 proof gin
• Boomsma Jonge Genevere Gin
• Burnett's Crown Select Gin
• Caballito: Panama 's finest export gin
• Cadenhead's Old Raj Gin - 110 proof gin containing a small amount of saffron, which imparts a slight yellowish/greenish tint.
• Citadelle - distilled with nineteen botanicals in France
• Cork Dry
• Cascade Mountain Gin - uses hand-picked wild juniper berries, distilled in Oregon
• Demrak Amsterdam - distilled five times with seventeen botanicals
• Dirty Olive - olive-flavored
• Fleischmann's Gin - Marketed as the original American gin, first distilled in 1870
• Gilbey's London Dry Gin
• Gin Llave - Argentina 's prime and extra-smooth concoction.
• Gordon's London Gin (By Appointment To Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of Great Britain )
• Hamptons Gin
• Juniper Green Organic Gin - first gin made from all organic ingredients in England with four botanicals
• Leyden Dry Gin - Distilled three times in small batches, twice in column stills then in a pot still
• Quintessential
• Sarticious Gin - Dutch style gin distilled in Santa Cruz , California , orange and cilantro
• Steinhäger
• Swordsman
• Van Gogh Gin - Dutch gin produced with ten botanicals in small batches. Triple distilled, twice in column stills then in a traditional pot still

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