Rösti is made with potatoes which are grated and depending on the frying technique, possibly mixed with some butter or fat, or fried in oil later. The grated potatoes are then shaped into rounds or patties, which come in different sizes usually measuring between 3-12 cm (1 to 5 inches) in diameter and 1-2 cm (0.5 inch) thick. Often the Rösti is simply shaped inside of the frying pan. They are most often shallow fried but can also be baked in the oven. Although the basic Rösti consists of nothing but potato, a number of additional ingredients are sometimes added, such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs. This is often considered to be a regional touch.
There are different views on what makes a perfect Rösti. The greatest difference of opinion is whether to use raw or boiled potatoes as the main ingredient. Also, the kind of potato which makes the best Rösti dish is widely disputed.
Preparation
In Switzerland, the Bijnte or Urgenta types of potatoes are commonly available and often used for Rösti. Otherwise, one must select a type of potato which does not crumble when boiled, thus potatoes normally used for baking are not entirely suitable. Further, the potatoes are often boiled "al dente", that is, not overboiled. The potatoes should be allowed to cool, preferably overnight, and should be used within a few days.
Potatoes are skinned then grated to the consistency not entirely unlike that of grated pizza cheese. Salt should be added at this time.
The issue of using raw versus boiled potatoes is commonly solved as follows: If Rösti is a side dish and the main dish is meat with sauce, then boiled potatoes are used. As these are normally served on the same plate, this allows the Rösti to soak in some of the sauce. On the other hand, if Rösti is the main dish (particularly if served with cheese), then raw potatoes are more suitable.
Rösti is sometimes considered unhealthy because of the amount of butter or oil used. However, an acceptable Rösti can be prepared using quality olive oil for frying.
The dish has given its name to a Swiss political term referring to the difference in outlook between the country's German- and French-speaking communities: the Röstigraben ("rösti rift").
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